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2023-04-19 23:50:29

填空500(43/50)

电灯，伦敦，1930s

【白板】

1. The title of her final and unfinished film, Escape, was ___ : indeed while shooting it, she was preoccupied with thoughts of desertion.

A. quixotic

B. apt

C. misleading

D. inconsequential

E. uncharacteristic

2. Nylenna’s study showed that errors in scientific manuscripts submitted for publication often escape reviewers' notice results that were not ___ : when Godlee conducted a study of the same phenomenon, her findings were similar.

A. credible

B. unwelcome

c. anomalous

D. quantifiable

E. consequential

3. Computers have become adept in rarefied domains once thought to be uniquely human. However, they simultaneously have (i)___ certain tasks basic to the human experience, including spatial orientation and object recognition, and in so doing, have shown us how (ii)___ such fundamental skills truly are.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
A. failed to master	D. outmoded
B. helped to improve	E. common
C. managed to mimic	F. impressive

4. Britain's deteriorating economy after 1945 was (i)___ by politicians who favored the manufacturing sector over the service sector: rather than attempting to (ii)___ the decline of manufacturing, they should have promoted service industries.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
A. mishandled	D. augment
B. bolstered	E. arrest
C. forestalled	F. escalate

5. The mood of the times is no longer one of (i)___ over our scientific achievements. Doubts and worries beset technical and scientific specialists, as well as the public at large. I do not consider such worries (ii)___ , though they are often based on intuitive feeling rather than on strictly logical arguments.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
A. widening skepticism	D. unfounded
B. uncritical joy	E. sacrosanct
C. false humility	F. foreordained

6. Within the culture as a whole, the natural sciences have been so successful that the word "scientific" is often used in (i)___ manner : it is often assumed that to call something " scientific" is to imply that its reliability has been (ii)___ by methods whose results can not reasonably be (iii)___ .

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)	Blank (iii)
A. an ironic	D. maglined	G. exaggerated
B. a literal	E. challenged	H. anticipated
C. an honorific	F. established	I. disputed

7.There are great ___ in countries' greenhouse gas emissions, especially in per capita terms : while the United States and China are similar in aggregate emissions, United States per capita emissions are a huge multiple of China’s.

A. distortions

B. disparities

C. fluctuations

D. advances

E. variances

F. vacillations

8. The ambassador's critical remarks seemed to be less a product of ___ and more the careless utterances of a fatigued or undisciplined individual.

A. intensity

B. optimism

C. purposefulness

D. design

E. confidence

F. caution

9. The cat known to researchers as M-120—beefy, audacious, and apparently smart enough to spot a free lunch—is perhaps the world's least ___ lynx : the scientists catch him several times a year.

A. intelligent

B. evasive

C. fearless

D. furtive

E. elusive

F. intrepid

10. The preliminary analysis being, on the whole, reassuring, its confirmation would ___ concerns about the dangers of project .

A. explain

B. deflate

C. rationalize

D. soothe

E. reflect

F. hide

【黑板】

1. The title of her final and unfinished film, Escape, was ___ : indeed while shooting it, she was preoccupied with thoughts of desertion.

A. quixotic

B. apt

C. misleading

D. inconsequential

E. uncharacteristic

选 B

翻译：她最后一部未能完成的电影的片名< Escape > 恰如其分：实际上拍摄期间她满脑子都是落跑的想法。

quixotic 唐吉珂德式的，空想而侠义的，不实际地追求理想的

apt 恰当的，合适的，聪明的，有某种倾向的

uncharacteristic 异常的，非典型的

preoccupied 心不在焉的，心事重重的

desertion 离弃，遗弃，抛弃，开小差，擅离职守

2. Nylenna’s study showed that errors in scientific manuscripts submitted for publication often escape reviewers' notice , results that were not ___ : when Godlee conducted a study of the same phenomenon, her findings were similar .

A. credible

B. unwelcome

C. anomalous

D. quantifiable

E. consequential

选 C

翻译：N 的研究显示，为出版而提交的科学研究手稿中的错误往往不会被审校改正，这种发现并不鲜见：在 G 主持的一项针对同一现象的研究中，结果也类似。

（加了逗号）

冒号前分歧严重。

比较可取的一种解读，即 results 前加逗号，进而 results 被视为 N's study show that … 中整个 that 从句的同位语，也就是 N 的研究所发现的结果，名词复数形式。

另一种比较广泛的误读，认为 results 是动词第三人称单数形式，即把 results 看作冒号前主句的谓语动词，这种理解面临三种难以圆满的矛盾：

1）showed 为什么不是主句谓语，或主句的主语是谁，如果这种逻辑成立，将不得不对题面做更多修改，如 N's study（WHICH）showed that … results that …；而且这种修改并不能掩盖另外两种矛盾 ——

2）result 作动词时，只能作不及物动词，一般搭配 in / from 才能接宾语，直接引导 that were not ___ 是没有词典例句支撑的用法；而且 ——

3）即便无视上述两种矛盾，也仍须解决 results 后 that 从句中的主谓不统一或缺乏主语的问题，results that 单数，were 复数，将不得不改写为 results that（THESE FINDINGS）were not ___ 。

综上，希望那些认为 results 是动词第三人称单数形式的同学，再考虑考虑。

submit （向某人、某机构等）提交或呈递某物（供考虑、裁判等）

anomalous 不规则的，异常的，不明确的，模棱两可的

quantifiable 可测量的，可计数的

consequential 自命不凡的，有影响力的，有意义的，有重要结果的，随之发生的，受到波及的

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
A. failed to master	D. outmoded
B. helped to improve	E. common
C. managed to mimic	F. impressive

选 AF

翻译：计算机已经在某些一度被认为只有人类能完成的高级领域熟练作业。然而同时，它们仍未攻克某些对人类而言相当基本的课题，包括空间定位和对象识别，此刻也真切地向我们展示了这些基本技能有多了不起。

比较老实的一题，认识 rarefied 更容易些，不认识也没关系。

rarefied 秘密的，崇高的，风格高雅的，高尚的，稀薄的

outmoded 过时的，废弃的，不在使用的

impressive 给人以深刻印象的

4. Britain's deteriorating economy after 1945 was (i)___ by politicians who favored the manufacturing sector over the service sector : rather than attempting to (ii)___ the decline of manufacturing, they should have promoted service industries.

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
A. mishandled	D. augment
B. bolstered	E. arrest
C. forestalled	F. escalate

选 AE

翻译：英国 1945 年后不断恶化的经济归咎于管理失当的当政者，他们优先发展制造业而非服务业：他们本该推动服务业，而不是尝试挽救衰落的制造业。

（原版本 decline of manufacturing 后改为逗号，否则句子不通顺。）

从最后分句的虚拟语气 should have promoted 本该这样做（实际上没有），可知 politicians 某种程度上失败了，结果不理想，第一空选 mishandled；第二空没啥特别，就算不知道 arrest 有阻止的意思，也可以排除另外两个完全与句义矛盾的选项。

mishandle 粗暴地对待，虐待，管理不善，处理不当

bolster 以靠垫或枕头支撑（如支撑病人腰背使其坐），鼓励，支持，加强

forestall 领先（并阻碍后来者），抢先某人一步采取行动，垄断（市场）

sector 社会经济活动的部门、领域

augment 增大，扩大，增加，补充

arrest 吸引 … （的注意），阻止，抑制，逮捕，拘留

escalate 增大，增强，升级

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)
A. widening skepticism	D. unfounded
B. uncritical joy	E. sacrosanct
C. false humility	F. foreordained

选 BD

翻译：当代人不再对科技进步无条件地支持。怀疑与焦虑困扰着科技专家，也困扰着整个社会。我不认为这些担忧没有根据，尽管它们经常基于直觉而非严谨的逻辑论证。

widening skepticism 不断扩大的怀疑

uncritical joy 不加甄别的高兴

false humility 虚伪的谦逊

beset 围绕，镶嵌，围攻，困扰，威胁

unfounded 缺乏可靠基础的，无根据的

sacrosanct 最神圣的，不可亵渎的，（常作反语）神圣不可侵犯的

foreordain （命中）注定，预先确定

固定搭配：

at large 一般地，整个地，总体上

Blank (i)	Blank (ii)	Blank (iii)
A. an ironic	D. maglined	G. exaggerated
B. a literal	E. challenged	H. anticipated
C. an honorific	F. established	I. disputed

选 CFI

翻译：在整个文化中，自然科学如此深入人心，以至于 “ 科学的 ” 这个词的使用都自带光环；我们通常假设，被称为 “ 科学的 ” 事物，已经通过实验建立了相当的可信性，其结果合理，难以推翻。

重复题，10 / 50 第六题。

看上去三空一大段，但结构非常简单，就是 so … that 引导的因果关系，三个空都指向 successful，选项中都找正评价就好。

ironic 反讽的，反语的，与期望完全相反的

literal 字母的，（修辞等）平实不夸张的，照字面的，完全遵照原文的

honorific 尊敬的

maligned 被污蔑的

anticipate 预料，预期，预见到（要发生的事或需要做的事）而采取措施，先于（某人）做某事

dispute 争论（某事物），质疑（某事物）

reliability 以前讲过，【MWC】the extent to which an experiment, test, or measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials 科学的可重复性，句中译为可信性，因为越可重复实验获得相同或符合实验预期的结果，越具有 reliability 。

A. distortions

B. disparities

C. fluctuations

D. advances

E. variances

F. vacillations

选 BE

翻译：各国温室气体的排放量差异很大，特别是人均值：尽管美国和中国总排放量相当，但美国人均排放值是中国人均值的好几倍。

重复题，23 / 50 第七题。

while 引导的让步关系。

distortion 扭曲，变形，歪曲，曲解，失真，畸变

disparity 不同，不等，差距

fluctuation 波动，起伏

advance 前进，推进，改善，进展，涨价，预付

variance 分歧，冲突，意见不合，变化，差异

vacillation 摇摆，犹豫不决，（情绪）波动

per capita 每人份的，人均的

aggregate 合计的，总量的

multiple 倍数

8. The ambassador's critical remarks seemed to be less a product of ___ and more the careless utterances of a fatigued or undisciplined individual.

A. intensity

B. optimism

C. purposefulness

D. design

E. confidence

F. caution

选 CD

翻译：大使的批评不像有意的，而更像是过度疲劳或修养差的人的无心之言。

intensity 强度

optimism 乐观主义，乐观态度

caution 谨慎，警觉，警告，预防

utterance 讲话，口头表达，口才，语法，言辞，言论

fatigued 累坏了的，疲劳的

undisciplined 行为糟糕的，行为错乱的，缺乏基本修养的

9. The cat known to researchers as M-120 — beefy, audacious, and apparently smart enough to spot a free lunch — is perhaps the world's least ___ lynx : the scientists catch him several times a year.

A. intelligent

B. evasive

C. fearless

D. furtive

E. elusive

F. intrepid

选 BE

翻译：研究者们熟悉的那只名为 M-120 的猫 —— 结实，爱冒险，而且明显足够聪明总能找到一顿免费午餐 —— 可能是世界上最不怕人的猞猁：科学家一年能抓到他好几次。

破折号夹引的部分为插入语，不属于句子主干，跟解题关系也不大。

beefy 肌肉结实的，装满的，实在的，满是牛肉的

audacious 爱冒险的，无所畏惧的，鲁莽的，厚颜无耻的，放肆无礼的

intelligent 有智力的，需要动脑的，聪明的，明智的，深思熟虑的

evasive 逃避的，不坦率的，不直接的

fearless 无畏的，勇敢的

furtive 秘密的，鬼祟的，遮掩的，躲闪的

elusive 逃避的，难以捕捉的，难以理解或记忆的

intrepid 勇猛的，无畏的

lynx 猞猁

猞猁 [lynx]
短尾的森林猫科动物，学名Felis lynx，分布在欧洲、亚洲和北美洲北部。加拿大猞猁有时被列为一个单独的种［加拿大猞猁(Felis canadensis)］。猞猁腿长，爪大，耳有簇毛，脚底有茸毛，头宽而短。被毛黄褐至奶油色，有棕色和黑色斑点，颈毛形成浓密皱领。冬季毛密而柔软，可用于服装饰边。体长80～100厘米，尾长10～20厘米，肩高约60厘米，体重10～20千克。除交配季节外单独或结成小群栖息，夜间活动，不出声，会爬树，善游泳，以鸟类和小兽为食，偶也食鹿。一些种类已濒于灭绝。

10. The preliminary analysis being, on the whole, reassuring, its confirmation would ___ concerns about the dangers of project .

A. explain

B. deflate

C. rationalize

D. soothe

E. reflect

F. hide

选 BD

翻译：初步分析报告总体上令人放心，它的通过会减轻人们认为这个项目有危险的顾虑。

句子有点小怪，改写一下会更清楚：

The preliminary analysis is reassuring on the whole.

The confirmation of the analysis would ___ concerns about dangers of project.